Quick answer
What is a controlled goods agreement?
A controlled goods agreement allows listed belongings to remain in your possession while you repay a bailiff debt. The enforcement agent has legally taken control of those goods. You can usually continue using them, but you must not normally sell, hide, give away, damage or remove them without permission. If you break the repayment terms, the agent may return to inspect or remove the listed goods.
The goods normally stay with you
You usually retain custody and use of the listed belongings while the agreed payments are maintained.
Do not dispose of listed goods
Controlled goods must not normally be sold, hidden, removed, given away or deliberately damaged.
Respond before missing a payment
Contact the enforcement company immediately if the arrangement has become unaffordable.
Taking control without immediate removal
What does a controlled goods agreement mean?
A controlled goods agreement is one of the legal methods an enforcement agent can use to take control of a debtor’s goods. It is sometimes still informally called a walking possession agreement.
Instead of removing the goods immediately, the enforcement agent normally leaves them at the premises and agrees repayment terms. The debtor can usually continue using the listed belongings while the agreement is followed.
The agreement is more than an ordinary payment plan. The identified goods become controlled goods and may be inspected, removed, stored and sold if the agreement is broken and the required legal procedure is followed.
Goods are legally controlled
The enforcement agent identifies specific belongings against which enforcement can continue.
The goods remain at the premises
Immediate removal is normally avoided while the repayment terms are being followed.
Missed payments put the goods at risk
Breaching the agreement may allow the agent to return and remove the listed belongings.
The enforcement visit
How is a controlled goods agreement made?
A controlled goods agreement is commonly proposed during an enforcement visit when the debtor cannot pay the balance in full but qualifying goods are available.
The agent identifies the authority
The enforcement agent should identify the debt, creditor, enforcement reference and amount outstanding.
Qualifying goods are identified
The agent checks which belongings belong to the debtor and may legally be taken into control.
An inventory is prepared
The listed goods should be described clearly enough for each item to be correctly identified.
Repayment terms are discussed
The agent and debtor consider how the outstanding amount will be paid.
The agreement is signed
It must be in writing and signed by the enforcement agent and the debtor or another person legally permitted to sign.
A copy should be provided
The person who signs must receive a signed copy when the agreement is entered into.
Signing rules
Who can sign a controlled goods agreement?
The regulations restrict who can enter into the agreement and require the signer to understand its effect.
| Potential signer | Can they sign? | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| The debtor | Usually yes | The debtor must not be a child and must be capable of understanding the agreement and its consequences. |
| An authorised adult | Potentially | They must be aged 18 or over and authorised by the debtor to sign on the debtor’s behalf. |
| A business representative | Potentially | A person in apparent authority may sign at premises used wholly or partly for a trade or business. |
| A child | No | A child cannot enter into a controlled goods agreement. |
| Someone unable to understand it | No | The agent must not enter the agreement where the person appears unable to understand its effect. |
| A residential occupier with no authority | Not merely by being there | A partner, relative or housemate should not sign on the debtor’s behalf unless properly authorised. |
Check the paperwork
What must a controlled goods agreement contain?
The agreement must be in writing and contain enough information to identify the parties, goods and repayment arrangement.
The debtor’s name and address
Check that the person and address match the enforceable debt.
Reference numbers
The relevant enforcement, creditor, account or court references should be shown.
The date of the agreement
The document should clearly record when the agreement was made.
The names of the signers
It should identify the enforcement agent and the person entering into the agreement.
Contact information
It should include a telephone number, address, opening days and contact hours.
A detailed goods list
Every controlled item should be described sufficiently for it to be identified.
Vehicle details where applicable
A vehicle should normally be identified by its make, model, colour and registration.
Repayment terms
The payment amount, frequency and agreed arrangement should be clearly recorded.
The agent’s signature
The controlled goods agreement must be signed by the enforcement agent.
The debtor or authorised signer’s signature
The person legally entering the agreement must also sign it.
Before you agree
What should you check before signing?
Check the debt
Confirm the creditor, enforcement authority, balance, payments, interest and fees.
Check ownership
Remove goods owned entirely by a partner, relative, landlord, employer or finance company.
Check exemptions
Identify essential household goods, protected vehicles and qualifying work or disability items.
Check every description
Make sure each item can be identified and is not described too broadly or ambiguously.
Check affordability
Protect rent, mortgage, food, energy, current Council Tax and other essential costs.
Obtain your copy
Keep the signed agreement, inventory, payment schedule and full balance.
The controlled goods inventory
What goods can be placed on a controlled goods agreement?
The goods should belong to the debtor, be legally capable of being controlled and have a realistic potential sale value after removal, storage and sale costs.
Goods that may be listed
- A car, van, motorcycle or scooter owned by the debtor.
- Televisions and non-essential home entertainment equipment.
- Games consoles and non-essential electronics.
- Jewellery, collectibles and valuable decorative items.
- Non-exempt business equipment and machinery.
- Jointly owned goods in which the debtor has an interest.
- Other non-essential possessions with a meaningful sale value.
Goods that should not be listed
- Essential clothing and bedding.
- A cooker, refrigerator and essential household equipment.
- Items needed for basic medical care or household safety.
- Goods owned entirely by another person.
- Leased or hired goods not owned by the debtor.
- Qualifying protected work tools within the value limit.
- Protected disability-related goods or qualifying vehicles.
Goods that should be protected
What if exempt or third-party goods are listed?
Tell the enforcement agent immediately and ask for the item to be removed from the controlled goods agreement before signing.
If you have already signed, write to the enforcement company and creditor identifying the item, explaining the exemption or ownership issue and enclosing supporting evidence.
Evidence may include receipts, bank statements, finance agreements, registration documents, tenancy inventories, warranties, employer letters or evidence of medical or disability use.
A third party claiming ownership may need to use the statutory third-party goods procedure if the enforcement company refuses to release the item.
Your responsibilities
Can you still use goods on a controlled goods agreement?
The listed goods normally remain in your custody and can usually continue to be used for their ordinary purpose. However, you must preserve them and keep them available for inspection or removal.
You can normally:
- Keep the goods at the agreed premises.
- Use them for their normal intended purpose.
- Maintain and reasonably repair them.
- Ask permission before any necessary relocation.
- Request release after the secured balance is cleared.
- Challenge an item that should not have been controlled.
You should not:
- Sell the listed goods.
- Give them away or transfer ownership.
- Hide them from the enforcement agent.
- Move them to prevent inspection or removal.
- Deliberately damage or destroy them.
- Remove a clamp or other immobilisation device.
Repayment terms
How should controlled goods agreement payments be set?
Payments should be based on what remains after essential household and priority costs. An unrealistic agreement increases the risk that the goods will later be removed.
Calculate reliable income
Include wages, benefits, pensions and other income that can genuinely be relied upon.
Protect essential costs
Budget for housing, food, energy, travel, childcare and medical needs.
Protect current priority bills
Avoid creating fresh rent, mortgage, Council Tax or utility arrears.
Offer the genuine surplus
Do not promise money needed for essential household expenditure.
Choose suitable payment dates
Align weekly or monthly payments with wages or benefit income.
Keep written confirmation
Retain the payment schedule, receipts and confirmation of any revised arrangement.
Agreement at risk
What happens if you miss a controlled goods agreement payment?
A missed or late payment may breach the agreement. The enforcement company can resume action and seek to inspect or remove the controlled goods.
A payment is missed
The agreed payment does not arrive by the required date or the payment method fails.
The agreement may be treated as breached
The enforcement company can decide that the repayment terms have not been followed.
You may receive a re-entry notice
The agent normally gives at least two clear days’ written notice before re-entering.
Payment may still prevent removal
Contact the company urgently and ask what must be paid or agreed to stop the return.
The agent may re-enter
If the breach remains unresolved, the agent may return to inspect or remove the listed goods.
Sale action may follow
Removed goods can be stored and prepared for sale if the balance is not resolved.
Warning before a return
What is a Notice of Intention to Re-enter?
Where the repayment terms of a controlled goods agreement have been breached, the enforcement agent must normally give written warning before returning to inspect or remove the listed goods.
The notice must normally allow two clear days
The enforcement agent must normally give at least two clear days’ notice before re-entering the premises.
Sundays, bank holidays, Good Friday and Christmas Day do not count when calculating the two-day period.
A court can authorise a shorter period where it is satisfied that the goods are likely to be moved or disposed of to prevent inspection or removal.
The notice should explain the agreement, how it was breached, the amount outstanding, how payment can be made and the deadline for avoiding inspection or removal.
Entry after a breach
Can bailiffs force entry after a controlled goods agreement?
Re-entry powers can be stronger after goods have already been taken into control and the repayment agreement has been breached.
The agent may be able to:
- Return after giving the required re-entry notice.
- Re-enter through a door or another usual means of entry.
- Inspect the goods listed on the agreement.
- Remove controlled goods for storage or sale.
- Use reasonable force to re-enter where legally permitted.
- Attend on any day within the permitted hours.
The agent cannot simply:
- Use force against you or another person.
- Enter through a window rather than a usual means of entry.
- Ignore the statutory re-entry notice requirement.
- Remove goods that were never owned by the debtor.
- Remove protected exempt goods merely because they were listed.
- Enter where only children or vulnerable people are present.
If goods are taken away
What happens when controlled goods are removed?
Removal does not usually mean the goods will be sold immediately. The agent must continue following the statutory storage, valuation, notice and sale process.
The goods are identified
Check that only the goods legally controlled under the enforcement authority are being removed.
A removal notice is provided
The paperwork should identify the removed goods and the date of removal.
The goods are stored
The agent must take reasonable care of controlled goods while they are held.
The goods are valued
A written valuation should be made or obtained as part of the statutory process.
Sale notice is given
Further information should be provided before the goods are sold.
Sale proceeds are applied
The proceeds are used towards enforcement costs and the underlying amount owed.
Enforcement charges
Controlled goods agreement and bailiff fees
A controlled goods agreement is normally made after an enforcement visit, meaning the enforcement-stage fee is likely to have already been added. Further fees can arise if the agreement is breached and the goods progress towards removal and sale.
| Stage | Current standard fee | When it may apply |
|---|---|---|
| Compliance stage | £79 | Added when the enforcement provider receives instructions and begins the compliance process. |
| Enforcement stage | £247 | Normally added when an enforcement agent attends. A percentage fee may also apply to the amount above £1,900. |
| Sale or disposal stage | £116 | Added when the case progresses towards transporting, preparing or selling the controlled goods. |
| Storage and sale costs | Varies | Certain reasonable and legally permitted storage, locksmith, valuation, auction and sale expenses may be recoverable. |
Incorrect or unfair agreement?
Can you challenge a controlled goods agreement?
You can raise a dispute where the signing process, goods inventory, repayment terms or enforcement authority appears incorrect.
Possible grounds for concern
- The agreement was not signed by the enforcement agent.
- The other signer was under 18 or not authorised.
- The signer clearly did not understand the agreement.
- No signed copy was provided.
- The repayment terms are missing or unclear.
- The goods are not described sufficiently.
- Exempt or third-party goods were included.
- The balance or enforcement authority is incorrect.
What to do next
- Request the complete signed agreement and inventory.
- Request the enforcement authority and full balance.
- Collect ownership and exemption evidence.
- Write to the enforcement company and creditor.
- Ask for removal of disputed goods from the inventory.
- Continue undisputed payments where appropriate.
- Use the company’s formal complaints process.
- Obtain legal advice about urgent court remedies.
Wider debt options
Controlled goods agreements, Breathing Space and debt solutions
Do not stop payments to a controlled goods agreement merely because you have applied for or entered a debt solution. Controlled goods can have a different legal status from unsecured debts.
| Option | Possible effect | Important action |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Space | Payments may continue | Official guidance says payments under an existing controlled goods repayment plan should generally continue. |
| Debt Relief Order | Agreement may remain | A pre-existing controlled goods agreement is not automatically cancelled. Obtain advice before stopping payments. |
| Individual Voluntary Arrangement | Case-specific | Tell the insolvency practitioner about the controlled goods and agreement before making or approving the proposal. |
| Bankruptcy | Case-specific | Obtain insolvency advice because goods already taken into control may require separate treatment. |
What to do now
Your controlled goods agreement action plan
Find the signed agreement
Locate the document, inventory, payment schedule and enforcement references.
Check every listed item
Confirm ownership, exemptions, descriptions and vehicle details.
Check the balance
Request a statement showing payments, fees, interest and the amount outstanding.
Review affordability
Prepare an updated household budget before proposing revised payments.
Contact the company promptly
Act before a missed payment or re-entry deadline whenever possible.
Keep written evidence
Save agreements, notices, payment receipts, emails, ownership documents and complaints.
Need help with a controlled goods agreement?
Check the goods list, repayment terms, ownership evidence and available options before a missed payment leads to removal action.
Related bailiff guidance
More help with controlled goods and bailiff visits
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Frequently asked questions
Controlled goods agreement FAQs
A controlled goods agreement is a written agreement between an enforcement agent and the debtor, or another legally authorised person. It allows listed goods to remain at the premises while the debt is repaid. The enforcement agent has legally taken control of those goods, so they must not normally be sold, hidden, removed or disposed of without permission.
No. Ownership does not automatically transfer to the enforcement agent. However, the listed goods are legally controlled and may be removed and sold if the agreement is broken and the required enforcement process is followed.
You cannot normally be physically forced to sign. However, refusing to sign does not prevent the enforcement agent from using another lawful method of taking control, securing or removing qualifying goods.
It can be signed by the debtor, an adult aged 18 or over who has been authorised by the debtor, or a person in apparent authority at premises used wholly or partly for a trade or business. It must also be signed by the enforcement agent.
At a residential property, your partner should only sign on your behalf if they are aged 18 or over and have been authorised by you. Their presence at the address alone does not necessarily give them authority to sign for you.
No. A child cannot enter into a controlled goods agreement. An authorised person signing on behalf of the debtor must be aged 18 or over.
An enforcement agent must not enter into the agreement with someone who appears, or ought to appear, unable to understand its effect. Relevant issues may include mental capacity, severe distress, illness, language difficulties or the effects of medication.
It must be in writing and signed. It should contain the debtor’s name and address, reference numbers, date, the names of the people entering the agreement, enforcement contact details, a sufficiently detailed list of the controlled goods and the agreed repayment terms.
Yes. The person signing should receive a signed copy when the agreement is made. Where another authorised person signs, a copy must also be provided to the debtor in accordance with the regulations.
Exempt goods should not be taken into control. This can include essential household necessities, protected disability-related items and qualifying tools or equipment required personally for work or study within the statutory value limit.
Goods owned entirely by another person should not be controlled for your debt. The owner may need to provide receipts, finance agreements, bank statements or other evidence proving ownership.
The debtor’s interest in jointly owned goods can potentially be controlled. The co-owner’s interest should be recognised, and the inventory should identify a co-owner where applicable.
Yes, if the vehicle belongs to the debtor and is not protected by an exemption. The agreement or inventory should identify it clearly using details such as its make, model, colour and registration number.
Usually, yes. The purpose of the agreement is normally to leave the listed goods in your custody while payments are maintained. You must use them responsibly and must not deliberately remove, sell, damage, hide or dispose of them.
Not normally without the enforcement agent’s permission. Selling, giving away, hiding or deliberately disposing of controlled goods can breach the agreement and interfere with the enforcement process.
Contact the enforcement company immediately. The agreement may be treated as breached and the agent may give notice of an intention to re-enter the premises to inspect or remove the listed goods.
You can ask for the arrangement to be reviewed, particularly if your income or essential expenditure has changed. The enforcement company or creditor does not have to accept every proposal, so provide an updated income and expenditure statement and obtain any revised terms in writing.
Where the repayment terms of a controlled goods agreement have been breached, the enforcement agent must normally give at least two clear days’ notice before re-entering to inspect or remove the goods. Sundays, bank holidays, Good Friday and Christmas Day do not count when calculating that period.
A court can authorise a shorter period where it is satisfied that goods are likely to be moved or disposed of to avoid inspection or removal.
After a valid agreement has been breached and the required re-entry notice has been given, an enforcement agent may in some circumstances use reasonable force to re-enter through a usual means of entry to inspect or remove the controlled goods. They must not use force against a person.
A re-entry under the controlled goods agreement is primarily for inspecting or removing the goods already controlled. Whether other goods can also be controlled depends on the remaining enforcement authority, the premises, the method of entry and the applicable legal conditions.
The enforcement agent should provide written information about the goods removed, the removal date, any storage charge and how the goods may be recovered if the outstanding balance is paid or an acceptable part-payment agreement is made.
Not normally. Further statutory notice and sale procedures usually apply. You may still be able to prevent sale by paying the amount outstanding or reaching an accepted agreement before the sale takes place.
Further costs can arise if the case progresses towards removal and sale. For standard non-High-Court enforcement, the current fixed sale or disposal stage fee is £116, with a further percentage fee on the part of the amount above £1,900. Storage and permitted sale costs may also be recoverable.
You can raise issues including an unauthorised signer, lack of understanding, missing signatures, an inadequate goods list, exempt goods, third-party goods, incorrect balances or missing repayment terms. A defect does not automatically cancel the underlying debt or enforcement authority.
Write down exactly what happened, keep the paperwork and make a written complaint to the enforcement company and creditor. Evidence that the agent knew you did not understand the agreement or used improper pressure may be relevant, but signing under stress does not automatically make the agreement invalid.
No. If a controlled goods agreement and repayment plan already exist, official guidance says payments should generally continue during Breathing Space. Obtain regulated debt advice before stopping payments.
A pre-existing controlled goods agreement is not automatically cancelled by a Debt Relief Order. Official guidance states that payments generally need to continue if you want to prevent the controlled goods being removed.
There is no single standard expiry date for every agreement. It generally continues while the listed goods remain controlled and the secured amount remains unpaid, unless the goods are released, removed and sold, the enforcement power ends or another formal outcome applies.
Ask for the enforcement company’s valuation and explain why removal and sale would not produce a meaningful amount after costs. Goods should still be correctly identified and legally capable of being controlled.
Yes. Complain first to the enforcement company and copy the creditor. A complaint does not automatically suspend the agreement, prevent re-entry or cancel the debt, so deal separately with payments and any urgent court remedy.
Official sources
Sources used for this controlled goods agreement guide
This guide is based on the current taking-control-of-goods legislation, Civil Procedure Rules and government guidance applying in England and Wales.
Who may enter the agreement
Regulation 14 covers the debtor, authorised adults, business representatives and the requirement to understand the agreement.
Legislation.gov.ukControlled goods agreement requirements
Regulation 15 covers signatures, contents, the inventory, repayment terms and provision of copies.
Legislation.gov.ukMinimum re-entry notice
Regulation 25 sets the normal minimum of two clear days before re-entry.
Legislation.gov.ukContents of a re-entry notice
Regulation 26 explains the required written information after an agreement has been breached.
Legislation.gov.ukControlled goods inventory
Regulation 33 covers the written inventory and descriptions needed to identify controlled goods.
Legislation.gov.ukExempt goods
Regulation 4 lists essential household, work, medical, disability and other goods protected from control.
Primary legislationSchedule 12 enforcement procedure
The statutory framework for taking control, custody, re-entry, removal and sale of goods.
Civil Procedure RulesCPR Part 84
Court procedures for enforcement disputes, re-entry notice applications, fees and remedies relating to controlled goods.
GOV.UKBailiff powers and your rights
Government guidance on entry, identity, payments, goods, vulnerability and complaints.
Insolvency ServiceControlled goods and Debt Relief Orders
Official guidance explaining the treatment of pre-existing controlled goods agreements during a DRO.
GOV.UKBreathing Space guidance
Official guidance on existing controlled goods repayment plans during a breathing-space moratorium.
Legislation.gov.ukTaking Control of Goods Fees
The statutory enforcement stages, fixed fees, percentage charges and permitted disbursements.
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